Vestibular Migraine

Vestibular migraine is a type of migraine that causes episodes of vertigo or dizziness, often without a headache. It affects the balance system (vestibular system) and can interfere with daily activities.

The exact cause is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve abnormal brain activity affecting the inner ear or balance centres. It may be triggered by:

• Stress or lack of sleep
• Certain foods (e.g. chocolate, caffeine, cheese)
• Hormonal changes
• Bright lights or strong smells
• Motion or visual stimulation (e.g. scrolling on screens)
  

• Vertigo (a spinning sensation)
• Light-headedness or imbalance
• Nausea or motion sensitivity
• Visual disturbances or aura
• Sensitivity to light and sound
• Headache (not always present)
• Episodes lasting minutes to hours, occasionally days
  

There is no specific test for vestibular migraine. Diagnosis is based on your symptoms, medical history, and by ruling out other conditions such as BPPV or Ménière’s disease. You may be referred to an ENT specialist or neurologist.

LIFESTYLE CHANGES

• Identify and avoid migraine triggers
• Maintain regular sleep and meal routines
• Stay well hydrated and manage stress

MEDICATION

• Pain relievers (e.g. paracetamol, NSAIDs) during attacks
• Anti-nausea medication
• Preventative medications (e.g. beta blockers, amitriptyline, topiramate) if frequent or severe

VESTIBULAR REHABILITATION

• Specialised physiotherapy exercises to improve balance and reduce dizziness