Vertigo

BPPV stands for Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo. It is a common inner ear condition that causes brief episodes of dizziness or vertigo. These episodes are triggered by changes in head position, such as looking up, lying down, or turning over in bed.

BPPV is caused by tiny calcium crystals (otoconia) that become dislodged from their normal location in the inner ear and move into the semicircular canals. This interferes with the normal movement of fluid in the ear, leading to abnormal signals being sent to the brain and resulting in dizziness.

• Sudden, brief episodes of spinning sensation (vertigo)
• Triggered by head movements (e.g. rolling over in bed, looking up)
• Nausea or unsteadiness
• Episodes usually last less than a minute
• No hearing loss or ringing in the ears
  

BPPV is diagnosed by a healthcare professional using specific head movement tests, such as the Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre, which can trigger symptoms in a controlled setting.

BPPV is often treated successfully with a series of head and body movements designed to move the crystals back to their correct location in the ear. These are called canalith repositioning manoeuvres and include:

• The Epley manoeuvre (most common)
• The Semont manoeuvre
  

These treatments are usually done by a trained healthcare professional and often provide relief within one or two sessions.

• Avoid sudden head movements after treatment
• Sleep with your head slightly elevated
• Avoid lying flat for 48 hours after manoeuvre treatment
• If symptoms return, seek advice for possible repeat manoeuvre
  

• You have frequent or worsening vertigo
• Symptoms don’t improve after manoeuvres
• You have additional symptoms such as hearing loss, tinnitus, or severe headaches
  

BPPV is not dangerous and does not cause permanent damage. Most people recover fully with simple treatment. However, it can occasionally recur.

For further advice, speak to your GP or ENT specialist.

Useful websites:

• NHS: www.nhs.uk
• Vestibular Disorders Association (VeDA): www.vestibular.org